European dis-Union: lessons of the Soviet collapse
24/05/2012 Deja un comentario
In 1992, the world woke up to find that the Soviet Union was no longer on the map. One of world’s two superpowers had collapsed without a war, alien invasion or any other catastrophe. And it happened against all expectations. True, there was strong evidence to suggest that the Soviet system had been in irreversible decline since the 1970s, but this was anticipated to unfold over decades; nothing preordained its collapse as the climax of a “short 20th century”. In 1985, 1986 and even in 1989, the disintegration of the Soviet Union was as inconceivable to contemporary analysts as the prospect of the European Union’s disintegration is to experts today. The Soviet empire was too big to fail, too stable to collapse, had survived too much turbulence simply to implode. But what a difference a decade can make! An outcome that was perceived as unthinkable in 1985 was declared inevitable in 1995. And it is exactly this twist of fate, this leap from “unthinkable” to the “inevitable” that makes the Soviet disintegration experience a useful reference-point in current discussions on the future of the European crisis and the choices that European leaders face. After all, EU’s present crisis has powerfully demonstrated that the risk of the disintegration of the EU is much more than a rhetorical device, a toy monster used by scared politicians to enforce austerity on unhappy voters. It is not only European economies but European politics that are in turmoil. The financial crisis has sharply reduced the life-expectancy of governments, regardless of their political colour, and opened space for rise of populist and protest parties. The public mood is best described as a combination of pessimism and anger. This is reflected in most recent “future of Europe” survey, funded by the European Commission and published in April 2012. It shows that while the majority of Europeans agree that EU is a good place to live in, their confidence in the economic performance of the union and its capacity to play a major role in global politics has declined. More than six of any ten Europeans believe that the lives of today’s children will be more difficult than those of people from their own generation. Even more troubling, almost 90% of Europeans see a big gap between what the public wants and what governments do; only a third of Europeans feel that their vote counts at an EU level, and only 18% of Italians, 15% of Greeks consider their vote counts even in their own country. Against this background, how unthinkable is the EU’s disintegration? Here, Europe’s capacity to learn from the Soviet precedent could play a crucial part. For the very survival of EU may depend on its leaders’ ability to manage the same mix of political, economic and psychological factors that were in play in the process of the Soviet collapse (…..)
Link: http://www.opendemocracy.net/ivan-krastev/european-dis-union-lessons-of-soviet-collapse










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